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航空燃油销售 —— GST 纳税义务

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航空燃油销售 —— GST 纳税义务 - Tax & Trade Blog

International Trade Report

航空燃油销售 —— GST 纳税义务

CRA 认定“注入油罐”式燃油销售应税,企业面临实际 GST 风险

请点击此处下载本文的PDF版本


Stored Aviation Fuel Sales – GST Liability

CRA Position on Taxable “Into-Tank” Fuel Sales Creates Real GST Risks

For the English Version of this Report, please click here.


航空业长期以来一直存在一个 GST/HST 问题:用于国际商业航班的航空燃油,如果并非直接加注至飞机油箱(“into the wing”),而是先交付至机场储油罐,是否仍可适用零税率。 加拿大税务局CRA在近期的圆桌会议讨论中继续坚持其立场,即由于存在燃油被转作其他用途的风险,交付至储油罐的燃油应缴税。

本文将分析 CRA 的这一立场如何逐渐成为燃油供应商和航空公司面临的现实税务审计问题,以及追溯补收 GST/HST 如何引发复杂的进项税抵免(“ITC”)问题。

航空燃油:零税率还是应税?

根据《消费税法》(ETA)附表六第五部分 2.1 ,向已注册 GST 的商业航空公司供应航空燃油,在满足以下条件时适用零税率:

  1. 航空公司从事国际旅客或货物运输业务;以及
  2. 所购燃油为用于开展该等国际旅客或货物运输业务

附表六第五部分 2 同样规定,向某些非税务居民且未注册 GST 的航空公司供应燃油可适用零税率(与第 2.1 条合称零税率规定”)

在近期的行业圆桌讨论中,有人就零税率规定是否适用于交付至机场储油罐的航空燃油向 CRA 提出了这一普遍性问题。

遗憾的是,CRA 确认其仍坚持原有立场:零税率规定仅在燃油直接加注至飞机油箱时适用;如果燃油交付至储油罐storage tank),由于存在燃油可能被转作其他用途(例如转售)的可能性,该燃油销售应视为应税。

为什么这很重要?

上述零税率规定仅要求燃油是为用于运输旅客或货物而购买,这似乎表明相关标准更接近于对购买时意图的判断,而不是对燃油实际使用的判断。尽管存在这些理由,CRA仍拒绝改变其立场。

虽然我们并不同意 CRA 的立场,但无论其立场最终是否正确,目前这一问题似乎已经成为 CRA 实际税务审计中的关注重点。燃油供应商正因过去的燃油销售被 CRA 追补 GST而在许多情况下,燃油供应商会接受 CRA 的审计,并通过补收 GST 的发票(“GST-only” invoices)将有关成本转嫁给航空公司。

这种重新开票的做法实际上将风险转移给了航空公司。收到追溯性 GST/HST 发票的航空公司必须谨慎考虑其是否仍有资格申报进项税抵免,因为 ETA 225 下有关申报时限的规则较为复杂。错过时限的后果相当严重,因为判例表明如果处理不当最终可能导致 ITC 被拒绝。可参考 National Money Mart一案(2018 ONCA 812)。

KEY POINT
CRA 对注入油罐式航空燃油销售的税务审计可或给燃油供
应商和航空公司带来意料之外的 GST/HST 及进项税抵免

问题。建议寻求具有经验的间接税律师协助。

总结

原本可适用零税率的航空燃油销售目前已成为 CRA 税务审计中的一个重点,而追溯补开发票情况下的 ITC 规则也可能相当复杂。建议寻求具有丰富经验的间接税法律顾问协助


如需就 GST/HST 及 ITC 问题获得协助,请点击此处.


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